主谓一致的三大原则之就近一致原则
2023-02-06 17:04:30
主谓一致的三大原则之就近一致原则
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑一致和就近一致原则。高考中的单项填空题与短文改错题经常对主谓一致问题进行考查。
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
（1）当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
例如：Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
（2）there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
例：There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
（3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
例：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
例如：your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me．你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。
she，like you and betty，is very clever．像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。
1．With great ________ (satisfy)，he soon fell asleep.
2．The ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of efforts and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.
3．But Jane knew from past experience that her _______(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
4．On the other hand, chopsticks reflect _____(gentle) and kindness.
5．So are most of the ________(express) made with the word hot.
6．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one’s___ (grow) than one’s family background.
7．I had no ________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.
8．The students with hobbies left school with many extra______(skill)．
9．Ants are gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and make ____ (prepare) for the long cold winter.
10．All life ______ (challenge) bring about an ending and the chance for _______(begin)．
11. It’s still a useful and pleasant form of ________ (communicate)．
12. Actually we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of ________(determine)．
13．I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and _____(excite) to my life.
14. To be interested in these things is silly because it is none of their _____ to know what their neighbours do
or are doing.
15. One of my father’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”
